国际贸易课件第一章讲义.ppt

Copyright ? 2012 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Copyright ? 2012 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Chapter 1 第一章 Introduction 绪论 1-* Preview 预览，本章内容概要 What is international economics about? 国际经济学的主要内容 International trade topics (国际贸易主题) Gains from trade (贸易所得), patterns of trade (贸易模式), effects of government policies on trade (政府政策对贸易的影响)---国际贸易三大主题 International finance topics (国际金融主题) Balance of payments (国际收支平衡), exchange rate determination (汇率决定), international policy coordination and capital markets (国际政策协调和资本市场)---国际金融四大主题 International trade versus (与) finance 1-* What Is International Economics About?国际经济学的主要内容 International economics is about how nations interact through: (国际经济学是关于国家之间怎样通过......相互作用:) trade of goods and services (商品服务贸易), flows of money (资金的流动), and investment (投资). International economics is an old subject, but continues to grow in importance as countries become tied more to the international economy. 国际经济学是一门古老的学科, 但随着国家与国际经济的联系更加紧密，国际经济学的重要性持续增长。 Nations are now more closely linked than ever before. 国家现在比以往任何时候都联系得更紧密。 1-* What Is International Economics About? (cont.) 国际经济学的主要内容（续） International trade as a fraction of the national economy has tripled for the U.S. in the past 40 years. 在过去的40年中，美国的国际贸易占国民经济的比重增长了两倍。 Both imports and exports fell in 2009 (2009年美国的出口和进口都下降了). Compared to the U.S., other countries are even more tied to international trade. 与美国相比，其他国家与国际贸易联系更加紧密。 1-* Fig. 1-1: Exports and Imports as a Percentage of U.S. National Income 图1-1: 出口和进口占美国国民收入的百分比 Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis 数据来源：美国经济分析局 1-* Fig. 1-2: Exports and Imports as Percentage of National Income in 2007图1-2: 2007年出口和进口占国民收入的百分比 Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 1-* Gains from Trade 贸易所得 Several ideas underlie the gains from trade. (构成贸易所得的真正原因) When a buyer and a seller engage in a voluntary transaction, both can be made better off. 当一方买家和一方卖家进行自愿交易时，双方都能够获益。 Norwegian con