2017年中考英语复习之非谓语动词(已编辑,可直接打印)综述.doc

2017年中考英语复习之非谓语动词 一、定义:在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(它不受人称和数的限制),包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词） (一).不定式的基本形式:to+V原，不定式的否定形式:not to+V原 (二)不定式的句法功能(不定式在句中能作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾补、状语) 1.不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句末： a.It+be+名词+to do sthb.It takes sb. some time to do sth c.It+be+形容词+of /for sb +to do sth 当形容词表示人的品质时, 用of不用for. (careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,clever) 2.不定式作宾语 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：would like,want, hope, wish,like,decide,plan, learn, pretend, refuse,. 在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。 I find it easy to read English every day. 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式的用法:why not do sth?=why don’t you do sth? had better (not)do sth,would rather do sth,could/would you please (not)do sth? 3.不定式作表语 Her job is to clean the hall. 4.不定式作宾语补足语 want, wish, ask, tell, help, advise,teach, allow, wait for, invite,would like,encourage后跟动词不定式作宾补； 使役动词和感官动词常用省略to的不定式作宾补，但变为被动语态时，必须加上to.(一感二听三让四看五帮助)feel,hear,listen to,let,make,have,look at,see,watch,notice,help 5.不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语，应放在名词之后；不定式为不及物动词时，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。He found a good house to live in. 6.不定式常与疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。 He didn’t know where to go.= He didn’t know where he should go. 7.只能接不定式动词的口诀:决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事,迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 decide to do sth.决定做某事,want ∕ would like to do sth.想做某事,plan to do sth.计划做某, fail to do未能做某事need to do sth.需要做某事,agree to do sth.同意做某事,afford to do能做某事,be used to do被用来做can’t wait to do迫不及待地要做某事,make up one’s mind to do下决心做某事,used to do过去常常做某事ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事,tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事,want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth邀请某人做某事,expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事,encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事,promise sb. to do答应某人做某事,allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事,help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 (一)、动名词的构成:动词原形+-ing (二)、动名词的句法功能(动名词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语) Eating too much is bad for your health. I like playing basketball very much. Stamps are used for sending letters. His hobby is collecting stamps