内燃机增压技术5课件.ppt

History 1885 and 1896, Gottlieb Daimler and Rudolf Diesel experiment with pre-compressing intake air 1925 Swiss engineer Albert Buchi develops first exhaust gas turbocharger which increases power output by 40% 1938 first commercial Diesel truck application by “Swiss Machine Works Sauer” 1962 first production application of turbochargers in passenger cars - the Chevrolet Monza Corvair and the Oldsmobile Jetfire History 1970’s – first oil crisis and increasingly stringent air emission regulations lead to demands for higher power density as well as higher air delivery. Outcome - virtually all current truck engines are turbocharged. 1978 Mercedes-Benz puts the 300 SD into production marking the appearance of the first turbocharged Diesel passenger car 1994 VW introduces the variable geometry turbo in their TDI Diesel engine significantly improving the transient response of the Diesel engine. 可变压缩比高增压系统: 带膨胀室的变压缩比原理图 Hyperbar超高增压系统 Niigata Principles of CTC (combustion supplemented turbocharger) combustor operation Niigata CTC configuration 改善底工况性能的增压系统: 相继涡轮增压系统的设计及其与发动机配合应用的技术特点： 相继涡轮增压系统：在此种涡轮增压系统中，采用两个或两个以上涡轮增压器，随着增压发动机转速和负荷升高（或降低），增压器相继按顺序投入（或退出）运行，使发动机在整个运转区域内有较高的增压比和较好的经济性，尤其显著提高发动机的低速转矩。 在系统设计上：相继涡轮增压系统结构简单，只需在涡轮进口加装燃气控制阀，及在压气机进口或出口加装空气控制阀，并根据发动机负荷或转速等的变化控制上述控制阀的开关。为了在发动机的整个运行区域达到良好的配合时，相继涡轮增压系统可采用两个相同尺寸或不同尺寸，以及两个以上涡轮增压器，并辅以旁通从而对整个发动机的运行区域进行分区，并使之在全运行区域内具有良好的燃油经济性和瞬态性能。 法国SEMT Pielstick 12缸PA6相继增压柴油机的结构示意图 Engine and air charging system performance during a 1TC?2TC switch at 1010 rpm for the 12PA6STCengine Engine performance during a 1TC/2TC switch at 1010 rpm for the 12PA6STC engine Air charging system performance during a 1TC/2TC switch at 900 rpm for the 16PA6STC engine Air charging system performance during a ITC/2TC switch at 900 rpm in case of a reduced valve opening timing—16PA6STC engine Surge loop on the compressor map Performance of the compressor being started during a 1TC/2TC switch with an inlet manifold volume of .8 m3 Engine