科技论文写作.ppt

科技論文寫作 Research in Technology 科技(Technology) 研究(Research) 寫作(Writing) What’s Technology ? What’s Research? Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research by John W. Cresswell (2002) 一、Discussion is： 二、Research is： 二、 8-Characteristics of Research ： 三、 Quantitative and Qualitative Quantitative = counting, numbers Qualitative = watching, listening, understanding, words One study can collect both types of data, called mixed-methods design. Typically, the researcher will choose one paradigm and become a master of that method. (1). Important People in Quantitative Research Thorndike (1900) Campbell and Stanley (1963) Kerlinger (1964) Cook and Campbell (1979) Lipsey (1990) (2). Vocabulary for Quantitative Paradigm Experiment Quasi-experiment Correlation Descriptive Survey Control Treatment Subject Statistics Empirical (3). Important People in Qualitative Research Guba and Lincoln (1988) Strauss Corbin (1990) Patton (1990) Cresswell (1994) Stake (1995) Weitzman Miles (1995) Miles Huberman (1994) Denzin Lincoln (2002) (4). Vocabulary for the Qualitative Paradigm Naturalistic inquiry Constructivism Looking for meaning of event that people hold Within context Holistic (5). What Paradigm Do I Choose? Your research question drives your method Choose the best method for answering your research question Choose the methods that best suits your values and skills (6-1). Choosing the best paradigm for your study Does your problem require description or exploration? Is there a lot already known about your problem or is this a new frontier? Do you want to get a specific and narrow view of your problem or a broad perspective? (6-2). Choosing the best paradigm for your study Do you have predetermined instruments or will your protocol emerge as you progress through the study? Will you use statistical analysis or text analysis? Will you report your results using a standard protocol or will you write