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6.Semantics-Sentence_Meaning___(Predication_Analysis_(new)
Sentence meaning: Predication Analysis
楚军 外国语学院
Semantics
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The Semantic Structure of Sentences
How about this hypothesis?
--the meaning of a sentence is merely the sum of the meanings of the words and other constituents which compose it.
Without ‘predication analysis’, we could not tell the difference of meaning between:
My wife has a new dog.
My new wife has a dog.
My new dog has a wife.
(All these would have to be regarded as synonymous with the help of ‘CA’.)
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Predications, Arguments and Predicates
Predication (述谓):
For the following three sentences:
The children ate their dinner.
Did the children eat their dinner?
Eat your dinner, children!
Leaving aside differences of tense and pronouns, these sentences share a common content ‘Children eat dinner’ and this kind of structure is considered under the name of ‘predication’.
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Predications consist of Arguments and Predicates which consist of Features.
For spatial relations (three semantic oppositions):
→DIRECTION / ←DIRECTION
(directional contrast between ‘in front of’ and ‘behind’, ‘over’ and ‘under’, etc.)
+ HORIZONTAL (‘horizontal’)
- HORIZONTAL (‘vertical’)
+ LATERAL (‘side-to-side’)
- LATERAL (‘back-to-back’)
Predications, Arguments and Predicates
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An example “A man is /was in front of a woman.” (see the diagram p.128, Leech)
Predicate and argument have different roles in the
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