Chapter 3 Quotations and Offers.ppt

Chapter 3  Quotations and Offers 汉译英主语的选择 一、注意话题与主语的区别 例1：读书可获得知识。 Reading books can acquire knowledge. Through reading one can acquire knowledge. 例2：全市都在兴建新的住宅。 New houses are being built all over the city. 汉语的话题在句子中通常提示时间、地点、工具或方式、存现或关系。这些功能在英语中都由状语承担。 汉译英主语的选择 二、主语的补译 （一）用it和there be结构来补译 例1：天真热。 It’s hot. 例2：不怕一万，就怕万一。 It’s always wise to play safe. 例3：没有顺利，就无所谓困难；没有困难，也就无所谓顺利。 Without facility, there would be no difficulty; without difficulty, there would also be no facility. 汉译英主语的选择 二、主语的补译 （二）祈使句用具有泛指意义的人称代词或名词补译 例：不克服自满情绪，就无法学到东西。 We can not really learn anything until we rid ourselves of complacency. （三）补译省略的主语 例：工作中必须杜绝浪费现象。 We must put an end to waste in our work. 汉译英主语的选择 二、主语的补译 （四）有些长句主语不显著，需仔细分析 例：在6000平方米的展厅内，陈列的地毯品种多，规格全，选择余地大，将给中外客商耳目一新之感。 In the 6,000 square meters exhibition hall carpets of innumerous varieties and sizes will be on display, with a wide range to facilitate customers’ selection. These products will surely impress Chinese and foreign business people. 汉译英主语的选择 三、将汉语句中的某个成分转译成英语句的主语 （一）某些表示特定交际功能的无主句，可以译成被动句 例：本剧场内禁止抽烟。 Smoking is not allowed in this theatre. （二）汉语的人称主语转换为英语中的非人称主语 例：他想到把这件事情交给秘书去办。 It occurs to him to leave the whole thing to his secretary. 汉译英主语的选择 三、将汉语句中的某个成分转译成英语句的主语 （三）用抽象名词、无生命事物名称、时间或地点等名词做主语，是英语中常见的现象 例：你只要仔细比较一下，就可发现这两件产品的不同之处。 Careful comparison will show you the difference between the two products. 汉译英主语的选择 三、将汉语句中的某个成分转译成英语句的主语 （四）兼类性的主语转译成名词性主语 例1：采用新工艺大大降低了产品的成本。（动宾短语作主语） The adoption of the new process has greatly cut the cost of products. 例2：富有并不意味着幸福的生活。（形容词） Being rich doesn’t mean a happy life. 例3：小王的英语水平比小李高。（偏正短语） Xiao Wang knows English better than Xiao Li.（定语转化为主语） Exercise 1北京目睹过许多重大的历史事件。 Beijing has witnessed many great historical events. 2 从理论上讲，供应这么多水似乎不成问题。 In theory, it seems to be no problem in supplying this amoun