chapter3 energy, catalysis,and biosynthesis（chapter3 energy,catalysis,and biosynthesis）.doc

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chapter3 energy, catalysis,and biosynthesis（chapter3 energy,catalysis,and biosynthesis）.doc

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CHAPTER 5 DNA AND CHROMOSOMES ( 2009 Garland Science Publishing The Structure and Function of DNA 5-1 Using terms from the list below, fill in the blanks in the following brief description of the experiment with Streptococcus pneumoniae that identified which biological molecule carries heritable genetic information. Some terms may be used more than once. Cell-free extracts from S-strain cells of S. pneumoniae were fractionated to __________________ DNA, RNA, protein, and other cell components. Each fraction was then mixed with __________________ cells of S. pneumoniae. Its ability to change these into cells with __________________ properties resembling the __________________ cells was tested by injecting the mixture into mice. Only the fraction containing __________________ was able to __________________ the __________________ cells to __________________ (or __________________ ) cells that could kill mice. carbohydrate lipid R-strain DNA nonpathogenic RNA identify pathogenic S-strain label purify transform 5-2 Many of the breakthroughs in modern biology came after Watson and Crick published their model of DNA in 1953. In what decade did scientists first identify chromosomes? (a) 1880s (b) 1920s (c) 1940s (d) 1780s 5-3 Mitotic chromosomes were first visualized in the 1880s with the use of very simple tools: a basic light microscope and some dyes. Which of the following characteristics of mitotic chromosomes reflects how they were named? (a) motion (b) color (c) shape (d) location 5-4 In a DNA double helix, _____________________. (a) the two DNA strands are identical (b) purines pair with purines (c) thymine pairs with cytosine (d) the two DNA strands run antiparallel 5-5 Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If a statement is false, explain why it is false. A. DNA molecules, like proteins, consist of a single, long polymeric chain that is assembled from small monomeric subunits. B. The polarity of a DNA strand results from the