finalexam（12页）.doc

Final Exam. Multiple Choice Questions 1) Which is an enzyme that converts angiotensinogen to another protein called angiotensin I? A) Angiotensase B) Angiogenesis C) Angiotensin II D) Renin 2) The lack of voluntary control over urination because of the inability to control the external urethral sphincter is called: A) urinary incontinence. B) bladder control. C) urination. D) micturation. 3) Which can be defined as the failure to completely empty urine from the bladder? A) Detrusor B) Urinary incontinence C) Urinary retention D) Urination 4) An infection of the kidneys due to bacteria migrating from the bladder through the ureters to the kidneys is referred to as: A) urinary retention. B) pyelonephritis. C) urethritis. D) cystitis. 5) Which is a hormone that reduces blood volume and pressure as well as increasing urine volume? A) Erythropoietin B) Atrial natriuretic peptide C) Aldosterone D) Renin 6) The hormone whose activity is reduced due to the presence of caffeine is: A) renin. B) aldosterone. C) atrial natiuretic peptide. D) antidiuretic hormone. 7) An abrupt cessation of kidney function is called: A) chronic renal failure. B) pyelonephritis. C) cystitis. D) acute renal failure. 8) Small, hard crystals that form from the precipitation of calcium or uric acid out of the urine are called: A) kidneys nodules. B) glomerulous. C) kidney stones. D) kidney crystals. 9) Thick, smooth muscle located at the junction of the bladder and urethra that aids in pushing stored urine into the urethra is called the: A) external urethral sphincter. B) internal urethral sphincter. C) urinary sphincter. D) medial urethral sphincter. 10) The hormone erythropoietin (EPO) acts to stimulate cells that are located in the ________ of an adult. A) blood B) kidneys C) spleen D) bone marrow 11) A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that regulates the amount of water reabsorbed by the distal convol