历年英语六级翻译总结历年英语六级翻译总结.doc

虚拟语气 英语有两种语气——陈述语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气表示事实上发生的事情或客观存在的情况。虚拟语气表示假定、想象、愿望等非事实观念。 Ⅰ.虚拟语气在条件句中主要有以下几种情况。(1).表达与现在的事实相反的假设或想象： 　 条件从句　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 主句　　If + 主语 + 过去式，　　　　　主语 + should/would + 动词原形　　If + 主语 + were，　　　　　　主语 + would/should + 动词原形　　(其中，should用于第一人称，would可用于各个人称。)　　If I had enough money, I should/would buy a camera.　　If I were rich, I would help the poor.(2).表达与过去事实相反的假设或想象： 条件从句　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 主句　　If + 主语 + had + 过去分词，　主语 + should/would have + 过去分词 If I had had enough money, I would have bought a car.　（= I didn’t have enough money, so I didn’t buy it.）　 If it had not rained yesterday, we should have gone fishing.(3)表达与将来事实相反的假设或想象，有三种形式：　　①条件从句　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 主句　　If +主语+ should + 动词原形，　　　主语 + should/would + 动词原形 (表示可能性极小 “万一”)　 If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go.　　注意：if从句的动词形式不分人称与数，一律用“should+动词原形”　　②条件从句　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 主句　　If +主语 + were to + 动词原形， 　　　主语 + should/would +动词原形　　If I were to go abroad, I would go to America. 倘若我要出国，我就到美国。　　③条件从句　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 主句　　If +主语 +动词过去式，　　　　　　　　主语 + should/would +动词原形　　If he went to the party, he would be disappointed.(4)　在条件状语从句中，常会出现主句所表示的行为所发生的时间与从句表示的行为的时 间不一致，叫做错综时间虚拟条件句，即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致。如从句指过去，而主句却指现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作出相应的调整。 　　If you had gone to bed early last night, you would not be so sleepy now.　　If I were you, I wouldn’t have gone to the party last night. (5) 假设情况不用if从句来表示，而是用without, but for, otherwise, or, but等表示一种含蓄条件。 表示与现在或将来相反，用“would (should, could, might)+动词原形”；表示与过去相反用“would (should, could, might)+have+过去分词” I knew my uncle did have no time. Otherwise he would have kept me company to go hiking. 例1：We ______ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. (2011·江西卷28) A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put 例2: I ______ through that bitter period without your generous help. (2011·陕西卷22) A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone