公共组织理论期末复题习题.doc

The separation of politics and administration and an accompanying view of public administration as essentially the same as private administration made possible the transfer of theories of administrative management to the study of public organizations.P64. 政治与行政的分离，以及相伴的将公共行政等同于私人管理的观点，使行政管理理论有可能用于公共组织研究。这种研究方法和价值观念的转换（虽然很多人不理解）没有什么能比将效率标准作为衡量公共组织成败的主要标准更明显的了。 Gulicks language here is interesting. Unlike other writers, both before and after, who see efficiency as a neutral concept, an impartial and objective measure of a societys performance......Dwight Waldo (1948) holds that efficiency itself cannot be a value, that it must always be defined in terms of the particular purpose being served. P66. 古立克不同意将效率看作一个中立的概念、一个衡量社会绩效和公平客观的标准。他认为效率是一种价值观念，一种可能会与其他价值相冲突、因而应该给予优先考虑的价值观念。与之相反，沃尔多则认为，效率本身不能作为一种价值观念，因为它必须依据其所服务的特定目标才能得以说明。 Toward a democratic administration P68. 迈向民主行政 David M. Levitan: a democratic state must not only be based on democratic principles but also democratically administered, the democratic philosophy permeating its administrative machinery.P68. 戴维·M·利维坦：民主国家不仅必须以民主原则为立国之本，而且还要有民主的行政，以及贯穿于行政中的民主理念 Indeed, one might say that the ghosts of theories past still haunt the study of public administration, with its tales of politics-administration, scientific principles, and adminitrative efficiency. It remains to be seen when----if ever----we will develop and pursue new directions. P69. 人们确实可以这样说，过去理论的幽灵——行政与政治二分神话、科学原理和行政效率——仍然困扰着公共行政研究。在追求和发展新的方向时，我们仍然能看到这些“幽灵”的影子。 This book will argue that public administration is concerned with managing change processes in pursuit of publicly defined societal values.P17.公共行政是指为谋求事先公众的社会价值观而对社会变革进程的管理。 zone of indifference”冷漠区间 Barnard recognizes that such cooperative systems depend on the participation of the individual and that the wants and desires of the individual, whether rational or not, must be met for cooperation to result. If the individual finds his motives being satisfied by what he does, he continues his coo