分子生物学名词解释..doc

Appendix C：Glossary 附录C：名词解释 α helix α螺旋 A helical secondary structure in proteins. Pl. α helices. 蛋白质中一种螺旋形的二级结构。复数：α helices。 α-amanitin α鹅膏蕈碱 A toxin that inhibits the three eukaryotic RNA polymerases to different extents. Name derives from mushroom of genus Amanita in which toxin is found. 一种能不同程度地抑制三种真核生物RNA聚合酶的毒素。名称来自于产生此毒素的Amanita属蘑菇。 β-galactosidase β-半乳糖苷酶 Enzyme that cleaves lactose into galactose and glucose. Name origin: the bond cut by this enzyme is called a β-galactosidic bond. 将乳糖分解为半乳糖和葡萄糖的酶。名称来源：该酶切割的键称为β-半乳糖苷键。 β sheet β折叠 A secondary structure in proteins, relatively flat and formed hydrogen bonding between two parallel or anti-parallel stretches of polypeptide. 蛋白质的一种二级结构，相对平坦，在两条平行的或反向平行的肽段之间形成氢键。 σ subunit σ亚基 Component of prokaryotic RNA polymerase holoenzyme. Required for recognition of promoters. 原核生物RNA聚合酶全酶的组成成分。在启动子识别中需要。 ρ-dependent termination ρ依赖型终止 A form of transcription termination in prokaryotes that depends on the protein ρ as well as on sequences in the DNA/RNA. 原核生物中的一种转录终止方式，依赖于ρ蛋白和DNA/RNA序列引起转录终止。 ─10 box ─10框 Common promoter element in E. coli. Named for its location approximately 10 bases upstream of the transcription start site. 大肠杆菌中常见的启动子元件。由于它位于转录起始为点上游约10个碱基处而得名。 3’(5’ exonuclease activity 3’(5’外切核酸酶活性 Function of DNA polymerases. Allows 3’(5’ removal of incorrect nucleotides after polymerization. See also exonuclease. DNA聚合酶的活性。允许在聚合反应后以3’(5’方向去除不正确的核苷酸。请参照‘exonuclease’。 30nm fiber 30nm纤维 An higher-level structure of chromatin. The elongated structure has a width of approximately 30nm. 一种染色质的高级结构。其延长的结构宽度大约是30nm。 30S initiation complex 30S起始复合体 In prokaryotes, complex of mRNA, 30S ribosomal subunit, and initiator tRNA placed at the start codon. 是原核生物中由mRNA、30S核糖体亚基和起始tRNA在起始密码子位置组成的复合体。 ─35 box ─35框 Common promoter element in E. coli. Named for its location approximately 35 bases upstream of the transcription start site. 大肠杆菌中常见的启动子元件。由于它位于转录起始为点上游约3