培训课件--绪论躯干骨.ppt

* * * * * * * Superior (cephalad, craniad, cephalic, rostral) is toward the head. Inferior (caudad, caudal) is toward the tail of feet. Proximal is close to the median or near the origin of a structure. Distal is away from the origin of a structure. * Anterior (ventral) is toward the front aspect of the body. Posterior (dorsal) is toward the back aspect of the body. Palmar is the ventral side of the hand. Plantar is the sole of the foot. Medial is toward the median. Lateral is away from the median Median is in the midsagittal plane. * Superficial (external) is close to the surface of the body. Deep (internal) is close to the center of the body. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University * F. Divisions of the Skeleton 1. Axial skeleton (中轴骨) 1) bones of the trunk (躯干骨). 2) skull (颅骨). 2. Appendicular skeleton (附肢骨) 1) bones of the upper limb (上肢骨). 2) bones of the lower limb (下肢骨). Introduction Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University * Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University * Section 2 Bones of the Trunk 1. The Vertebrae (椎骨) 2. The Sacrum (骶骨) 3. The Coccyx (尾骨) 4. The Sternum (胸骨) 5. The Ribs (肋骨) Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University * A. The Vertebrae (椎骨) 1. ? General Characteristics of a Vertebra 1) body (centrum) (椎体) 2) arch (椎弓) -- a. pedicles (根) superior inferior notches(切迹) b. laminae (板) 3) vertebral foramen (椎孔) Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University * A. The Vertebrae (椎骨) processes (突起) i. Spinous process (棘突) ii. Transverse process (横突) iii. Superior articular process (上关节突) iv. Inferior articular proc. (下关节突) Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University * 2. The Main Characteristics of Vertebrae in each Region. 1) Atlas (寰椎) (C1) a. ant