细胞生物学专题程论文.doc

细胞膜渗透性实验的改进及鸡血液DNA的提取 摘 要：细胞膜是细胞的重要组成部分，细胞膜渗透性实验是细胞生物学实验教学中的一个基础实验，有助于加深学生对细胞膜功能的理解。DNA的提取与鉴定是现代分子生物学最基本的操作技术。本研究以成年鸡血为材料，对鸡红细胞在NaCl、NH4Ac、乙醇、葡萄糖的不同浓度下的渗透性进行了分析；采用盐析法和碘化钾（KI）法提取鸡血细胞DNA，用二苯胺法和紫外分光法鉴定DNA提取效果。结果表明，①在低渗、等渗、高渗溶质中，乙醇渗入细胞的速度都是最快的；②用二苯胺法检测从鸡血液提取的DNA，发现盐析法提取DNA颜色反应较碘化钾法深；盐析法和碘化钾法提取DNA的光吸收值比率分别为1.6～2.0,1.8～2.0，产量分别为0.7～0.9ug/L和0.4～0.6ug/L。 关键词：鸡血液；细胞膜；渗透性；DNA提取；盐析法；碘化钾法 Abstract：The cell membrane is an important part of cellsThe cell membrane permeability experiment is one of the basic experiments during cell biology experiment. It can help to enhance the students, understanding of the function of cell membrane. The extraction and identification of DNA are the most basic operating technology of the modern molecular biology. The permeability of chicken red blood cell in different density of sodium chloride, ammonium acetate, alcohol, glucose were analyzed in this study with the adult chicken blood as a material. The DNA was extracted by using salt fractionation and potassium iodide method, and identificated by using diphenylamine and ultraviolet spectrometry method. The results showed that the speed of alcohol was the fastest in hypotonic solutions, isotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions. The color reaction of DNA that extracted by using salt fractionation was deeper than that by using potassium iodide. The absorbance of the DNA that extracted by using salt fractionation was 1.6～2.0, and the absorbance of the DNA that extracted by using potassium iodide was 1.8～2.0. The products were 0.7～0.9 ug/L and 0.4～0.6 ug/L. Key words: chicken blood; cell membrane; permeability; extraction of DNA; salt fractionation; potassium iodide 引 言 细胞膜的基本成分是蛋白质、脂类和糖，具有为细胞的生命活动提供相对稳定的内环境，同时介导细胞与细胞，细胞与胞外基质之间的连接等功能，是细胞的重要组成部分。细胞膜渗透性实验[1-5]是细胞生物学实验的一个必不可少的组成部分。DNA控制遗传性状和活性调节，是遗传的物质基础。DNA的提取与鉴定广泛应用到疾病分析，遗传学研究以及生物药品的制备。目前细胞膜渗透性实验在设计时，一般都围绕体细胞渗透性及各类物质进入细胞的速度，验证性强，推论性少；不能分析推断极性大小及电性对渗透性的影响，曾经有人做过细胞膜渗透性的改进实验[6] 及还原思维“在细胞膜渗透性实验”中的应用[7] ，DNA的粗提取与鉴定实验的改进 [8-12]方面的研究也比较多，但是范围较窄，没有分