英语简单句五种基本句型详解.doc

基本句型 英语句子成分的排列顺序与汉语不同。汉语放在前面的，英语可能要放在后面；而汉语放后面的，英语可能放在前面。即使是同样一句话，如果用词不同，句中的次序也会有变化。比如，“我每天骑自行车上学”，可以表达为 I go to school by bike every day. 也可以表达为 I ride to school every day. 如果用图表分析一下，我们会看得更清楚： 这三个语句除了行为者I的位置没有变化外，其它都发生了变化，并且由于“上学”表达方式的不同，在句中的位置也发生了变化。 句子成分详解一览表及巧记口诀 句子成分 意义及位置 充当词类 例句 主语 The Subject 表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。通常在句子前部。 名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或句子。 We study in No. 17 middle school. Jim is an American boy. Two heads are better than one. 谓语 The Predicate 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。通常在主语后（除疑问、倒装句外）。 由动词或动词词组充当。 Time tries all thing.(时间检验一切） Lucy is dancing under the tree. Her parents are both workers. 宾语 The Object 表示动作、行为的对象。在及物动词或介词后。 同主语的充当词类 Love me, love my dog. (爱屋及乌） These girls like English. Did you see him yesterday? 表语 The Predicate 与系动词连用，一起构成谓语部分、说明主语的性质、特征。常在系动词之后。 同主语的充当词类 His father is a bus driver. My car is white. We were at school yesterday. Health is wealth. (健康就是财富。） 定语 The Attribute 用来修饰名词或代词。单个词常在修饰的词前，短语或句子在被修饰的词之后。 形、代、数、名、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语。 The red one is mine. What is his name? A friend in need is a friend indeed. (患难见真情。） 状语 The Attribute 修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式等。位置较灵活。 通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。 Our teacher works very hard. She often helps Mike. They had a meeting in Shanghai. 宾语补足语 The Object Complement 宾语的补足语，逻辑上与宾语是“主谓”关系。在宾语后。 由形容词、名词、介词短语等充当。 We named the baby Lily. She made the room clean. 同位语 The Appostive 重复指代并进一步说明名词及名词性词语。在被修饰词后。 名词、名词性短语、从句等。 They all work hard. John, a friend of hers, has gone. 句子成分 学记口诀 主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。 宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。 一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. His job is to train swimmers. 5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 6. His wish is to become a scientist. 7. He wants to finish the work in time. 8. Tom came to ask me for advice（建议）. 9. He found it important to master English. 10. Do you have anything else to say? 11. Would you please tell m