《英语语言学》教学大纲.doc

《英语语言学》教学大纲 教学目标 主要以英语为例，全面地向学生介绍语言学的基础知识，从而使学生系统地了解语言（特别是英语）的语音、文字、词汇、语法、语义等主要方面，把握语言与语境、语言与文化、语言与文学、语言与教学等各种关系，并提高对语言的重要性的认识。 教学要求 通过本课程的教学，要求学生基本掌握语言学及其分支学科的基本观点、理论和方法，不仅了解语音学、音系学、词法学、句法学、语义学、语用学等核心分支的内容，而且还要熟悉社会语言学、心理语言学及语言与文化、文字、计算机及外语教学的关系，形成对语言和语言学的系统认识。 教学内容 Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics Teaching aims: let the students have the general idea about language and linguistics. Teaching difficulties: design features of language ; some important distinctions in linguistics Teaching procedures language What is language? design features of language 语言的结构特征 functions of language linguistics What is linguistics? 2.2 Main branches (scope) of linguistics phonetics 语音学----the study of sounds used in linguistic communication. phonology 音系学（音位学） morphology 词法学 syntax 句法学 semantics 语义学 pragmatics 语用学 Important distinctions in linguistics Descriptive vs. prescriptive “描写式”和 “规定式” They represent two different types of linguistic study. If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, it is said to be descriptive; if the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for “correct and standard” behavior in using language, i. e. to tell people what they should say and what they should not say, it is said to be prescriptive. Synchronic vs. diachronic “共时”和 “历时” The description of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronic study; the description of language as it changes through time is a diachronic study. A diachronic study is a historical study; it studies the historical development of language over a period of time. langue parole “语言” 和 “言语” The distinction was made by the Swiss linguist Saussure in the early 20th century. Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community, and parole refers to the realization of language in actual use. What linguists should do is to abstract langue from parole, i. e. to discover the regularities governing the actual use of lan