现代计算机网络的体系结构解析.ppt

* Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) 区域地址注册机构：Registration and management of IP address is done by Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) Where do RIRs get their addresses from: IANA maintains a high-level registry that distributes large blocks to RIRs RIR are administer allocation of: IPv4 address blocks IPv6 address blocks Autonomous system (AS) numbers There are currently 4 RIRs worldwide: APNIC (Asia/Pacific Region), ARIN (North America and Sub-Sahara Africa), LACNIC (Latin America and some Caribbean Islands) RIPE NCC (Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia, and African countries located north of the equator). A fifth regional registry (AfriNIC) is in formation for Africa. * ICANN 互联网名称与数字地址分配机构：The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is an internationally organized, non-profit corporation that has responsibility for Internet Protocol (IP) address space allocation, protocol identifier assignment, Top-Level Domain name system management, and root server system management functions. ICANN performs the IANA functions ICANN accredits domain-name registrar for .com, .org., .net (and other domain) Since ICANN performs the IANA functions, it is in charge for allocating all numbers. However, the main concern is the allocation of domain names. ICANN role is to oversee the domain-name registration systems transition from government hands to private hands and to coordinate its decentralization and the integration into a global community. IANA RIC ICANN的关系 Internet起源于美国，在90年代之前一直是一个为军事、科研服务的网络。在90年代初，由美国国家科学基金会(NSF）为Internet提供资金并代表美国政府与NSI公司（Network Solutions）签定了协议，将Internet顶级域名系统的注册、协调与维护的职责都交给了NSI。而Internet的地址资源分配则交由IANA来分配，由IANA将地址分配到ARIN（北美地区）、RIPE（欧洲地区）和APNIC（亚太地区），然后在由这些地区性组织将地址分配给各个ISP。 但是，随着Internet的全球性发展，越来越多的国家对由美国独自对Internet进行管理的方式表示不满，强烈呼吁对Internet的管理进行改革。 美国商业部在98年初发布了Internet域名和地址管理的绿皮书，认为美国政府有对 Internet的直接管理权，因此在它发布后遭到了除美国外几乎所有国家及机构的反对。 美国政府在征求了大量意见后，于6月5日发布了绿皮书的修改稿白皮书。白皮书提议在保证稳定性、竞争性、民间协调性和充分代表性的原则下，在1998年10月成立一个民间性的非盈利公司，即IC