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Selected English and American Poems
Literary Terms for Discussing Poetry
Alliteration: The repetition of initial sounds or prominent consonant sounds. Examples: “All the
awful auguries;” “p ensive poets;” “af ter lif e’sf itfulf ever;” “I slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance ” (from
Tennyson’s “The Brook”)
Apostrophe: An addressing to an absent or imagined person or to a thing as if it were present and
could listen. Example: “Milton! Thou shouldst be living at this hour / England hath need of thee:
she is a fen / Of stagnant waters:” (from William Wordsworth, “London, 1802”)
Assonance: The repetition, in words of close proximity, of same or similar vowel sounds,
especially in stressed syllables, preceded and followed by differing consonant sounds. Examples:
“deep green sea;” “light / bride;” “tide / mine” (note that tide and hide are rhymes).
Ballad: A short narrative poem, especially one that is sung or recited, composed of quatrains, with
8, 6, 8, 6 syllables, with the second and fourth lines rhyming. A ballad often contains a refrain (i.e.
a repeated phrase, line, or group of lines). Examples: “Jackaroe;” “The Long Black Veil”
Blank verse: Unrhymed iambic pentameter. Examples: Shakespeares plays
Carpe diem poetry: Poems, whose theme is “to seize the day,” that is concerned with the shortness
of life and the need to act in or enjoy the present. Examples: Herrick’s “To the Virgins to Make
Much of Time”; Marvells To His Coy Mistress
Consonance: The counterpart of assonance; the repetition of identical consonant sounds in words
whose main vowels differ. Also called half rhyme or slant rhyme. Examples: shadow / meadow;
pressed / passed; trolley / bully; fail / peel.
Couplet: A stanza of two lines, usually, but not necessarily, with end-rhymes (i.e. the rhyming
words occur at the ends of the lines). Couplets end the pattern of a Shakespearean
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