写作基本理论与技巧.docVIP

写作基本理论与技巧 文章基本结构 三段式：beginning, body, conclusion 段落 段落构成：topic sentence/TS主题句，developing sentences/DS/Developer/Supporting Sentences扩展句/发展句(major support and minor support)，concluding sentence/CS结尾句/结论句。 e.g. Paragraph 1 Opportunities do not come often(TS). They come every once in a while (DS1). Very often, they come quietly and go by without being noticed (DS2). Therefore, it is advisable that you should value and treat them with care(CS). Paragraph 2 Diligence is the key to success (TS). It means persistent work and does not mean that we are to exert ourselves all day and night without rest, without food and without sleep (DS1). The true meaning of diligence is the careful use of time for the purpose of improvement, or to work persistently without any waste of time (DS2). 2) 段落的一致性 段落的一致性要求一个段落只能阐述一个主题思想，即作者只能讨论一个话题或某个话题的一个方面，换主题或讨论阐述问题的另一个方面时，必须另起一段。 段落的一致性还要求段落中所有的内容都必须与段落主题思想有关，段内各句都必须支持，发展或服务于段落的中心思想。 3) 的连贯性 段落的连贯性指段落中各句之间内容的组织安排、结构安排、逻辑关系、扩展方法必须条理井然，语义连贯，过渡流畅，结构紧凑，浑然一体。关键是句与句之间要衔接好，要用好过渡连接词。 总括归纳类： Generally speaking in general To some extent In short At last In summery Practically speaking Obviously In my opinion In brief To sum up Finally Generally Undoubtedly In my view In a word To conclude Therefore As a general rule In a way As for me On the whole In conclusion 比较、对比类 Likewise Otherwise In the same way On the contrary Both… and Rather than Similarly Whereas In contrast On the one hand The same as Instead Like Unlike However On the other hand In common But Equally important In sharp contrast nevertheless 举例、列举类 For example To begin with That is First, second, third Such as Moreover For instance What is more For one thing/another Finally Namely In addition As an example Next In the first/second place Like As a case in point Also First of all Thus As an illustration besides 原因结果类 Because/because of On account of For this reason Thus Therefore As Due to As a result of Consequently So For the reason For Si