毕业设计（论文）-氯乙烯精馏工艺设计.doc

设计说明 氯乙烯又名乙烯基氯，是一种应用于高分子化工的重要单体。 液化后的粗氯乙烯含有低沸点物C2H2、N2、H2等，也含有高沸点物C2H4Cl2、C2H2Cl2、乙醛等，所以要先用低沸塔把低沸物分离出去，再用高沸塔把高沸物分离出去。 因为低沸塔和高沸塔设备工艺计算过程类似，因此设计选择设计选择低沸塔。 氯乙烯精馏塔设计包括:低沸塔物料恒算，塔板数计算和确定，塔的工艺条件和物性计算，精馏和提馏气液负荷计算，塔和塔板计算，流体力学校核，塔板负荷性能计算，塔及其附属设备的选型，最终完成设备的确定。其中计算的低沸塔塔高13.765米，塔板数为12，其中精馏段为7块，提馏段为5块，塔径为0.9米， 壁厚7mm，塔板采用浮阀塔。 本设计绘制了相应的工艺流程图、物料流程图和低沸塔装配图。 关键词：氯乙烯，低沸塔，工艺流程，设计计算 Design description Vinyl chloride, also known as vinyl chloride, was applied to the polymer chemical monomer. Containing a low boiling point material to the crude vinyl chloride in the liquefaction of C2H2, N2 H2, etc., also contained high boiling point material the C2H4Cl2, C2H2Cl2, acetaldehyde, the first with a low boiling tower low boiling separate the then high boiling tower high boiling separate. Design options for the design process calculation of the low boiling towers and high-boiling tower equipment was similar to select the low boiling tower. Vinyl chloride distillation column design included: the low-boiling tower material constant calculation, the plate number and determined the tower process conditions and properties calculation, distillation and stripping gas and liquid load calculation, tower and tray calculations, fluid mechanics check plate load performance calculation, the tower and its ancillary equipment selection, the final completion of the equipment. The calculation of low-boiling high tower 13.765 m, the number of trays was 12, the rectifying section 7, paragraph stripper 5, tower diameter of 0.9 m, wall thickness of 7mm, the plate valve tower. The design drew the corresponding process flow diagram, material flow diagram and low-boiling tower assembly drawings.Key words: VC, low boiling point tower , technical process, design and calculation. 目 录 设计说明 I Design description II 目 录 i 主要符号说明 iii 英文字母 iii 希腊字母 iv 引 言 1 1氯乙烯及其精馏简介 2 1.1氯乙烯在国民经济的地位和作用 2 1.2氯乙烯工业的发展及前景 2 1.3 氯乙烯的生成方法 3 1.3.1 电石乙炔法 3 1.3.2 平衡氧氯化法 4 1.3.3乙烯氧氯化法 4 1.3.4乙烯乙炔法 6 1.4 精馏原理 7 1.4.1精馏的原理相关概念 7