筛孔板式塔设计 毕业设计.doc

摘 要 筛板塔是化工生产中主要的气液传质设备。-甲苯二元物系的精馏进行本次设计进料量50000吨/年，质量分数为0%的苯-甲苯溶液，使塔顶产品苯的质量分数达到96%%。我们对此塔进行了工艺设计，塔高分析、选取、计算、核算、绘图等，是较完整的精馏设计过程 关键词：筛板塔 ；苯-甲苯；精馏；负荷性能图 Abstract Sieve plate tower is the main gas liquid mass transfer in chemical production equipment.To complete the binary system benzene - toluene distillation tower equipment, the use of design, the design tasks for the separation of feed rate of 50000 tons/year, the mass fraction of 40% of benzene - toluene solution, make the top products of benzene mass fraction of 96%, the bottom kettle liquid mass fraction of 2%.We for the technological design of this tower, according to the theoretical plate number obtained by cascade graphical method calculation for 15, real plate number is 27, and feeding location in 13boards.For the design of the plate structure, the tower diameter 1.2 m, plate spacing of 0.4m on the plate, are within the scope of the safety operation, determine the operating point, rectifying section elastic operation is 5.04, stripping section of the elastic operating at 5.30, conform to the requirements of the operation.Finally auxiliary equipment and height calculation.This design including equipment analysis, selection, calculation, accounting, drawing, etc., is a complete distillation process design, the design result satisfies the requirement of design task, reasonable structure, is an ideal design. Keywords: Sieve-plate?tower ； Benzene-TolueneRectification；Load performance diagram；Distillation equipment ；structure 目录 第一章 概述 3 1.1苯的性质 3 1.1.1物理性质 3 1.1.2化学性质 4 1.1 3 基本用途 4 1.2甲苯 5 1.2.1物理性质 5 1.2.2化学性质 6 1.2.3基本用途 6 第二章 确定设计方案 7 第三章 工艺计算 9 3.1 物料衡算 9 3.1.1 原料液及塔顶、塔底产品的摩尔分率 9 3.1.2全塔物料衡算 9 3.2 确定回流比 9 3.2.1 q线方程 10 3.2.2 Rmin和R的确定 12 3.3 确定理论塔板数和实际塔板数 13 3.3.1 精馏段操作线方程的确定 13 3.3.2 精馏段和提馏段气液流量的确定 13 3.3.3 提馏段操作线方程的确定 13 3.3.4塔板数的确定 13 3.3.5实际塔板数 14 3.4 塔的气液负荷计算 16 3.4.1操作压力 16 3.4.2操作温度 16 3.4.3平均摩尔质量计算 16 3.4.4平均密度计算 17 3.4.5液相平均表面张力的计算 18 3.4.6塔的气液负荷计算 19 第四章 精馏塔塔体工艺尺寸的计算 20 4.1塔间距的初估 20 4.2.塔径的计算 2