题名：改革以来全国总体基尼系数演变及其城乡分解.docVIP

题 名：全国演变作 者：单 位：中国人民大学公共管理学院社会保障研究所E-mail:chengyonghong@ chengyonghong@ 邮政编码：100872Evolution of and Decomposition Analysis on Overall Gini-Coefficients in China after Reform Cheng Yonghong (Institute of Social Security, School of Public Administration, Renmin University of China) Abstract: In this paper, we calculate the rural, urban and overall Gini-Coefficients of China from 1978 to 2004, and other inequality measures. According to those results, we make a decomposition analysis on the overall Gini-Coefficient. Moreover, we put up the new concepts of subjective and objective disparity. Our central conclusions are: generally, the rural, urban and overall Gini-Coefficients of China have been ascending since Reform, and the overall Gini-Coefficient has been above 0.4 since 1992; the urban Gini-Coefficient becomes the principal factor of the overall Gini-Coefficient, and the contribution rate of it to the overall Gini-Coefficient grows up at the most speed. Furthermore, we find that the evolution of the rural and urban Gini-Coefficients of China displayed an apparent phase which is in accordance with the process of the reform in the rural and urban. Key words: the rural and urban Gini Coefficients; the overall Gini Coefficieisnt; decomposition analysis on the overall Gini Coefficient; subjective disparity and objective disparity. JEL Classification: D630, D300 改革以来全国演变( 内容提要：本文系统地计算出中国改革以来各年总体基尼系数农村和城镇基尼系数、等指标，并进行了总体基尼系数的城乡分解分析，同时提出主观差距和客观差距的概念。主要结论是：改革以来，全国总体基尼系数农村和城镇基尼系数上都处于持续上升的，全国总体基尼系数自1992年以来一直大于或等于0.4；城镇基尼系数及其贡献率增长最快，目前是全国总体基尼系数的首要影响因素。 关键词：国总体基尼系数 基尼系数分解 主观差距和客观差距一、引 言对改革以来全国收入差距的演变趋势、影响因素和现状的判断，一直是学术界争论的热点问题，特别是近几年，受到前所未有的关注，中央政府也一再强调调节收入差距的紧迫性。要想客观地判断收入差距水平及其影响因素，必须对某些关键性收入差距指标进行定量的测度。众所周知，度量收入差距最常用的指标是基尼系数，这是由基尼系数相对于其他指标所具有的一系列优点所决定的。，对中国基尼系数的经验研究出现了不少有价值的文献，但同时也存在重要的缺憾，主要是：第一，目前大部分文献都只关注农村或城镇内部基尼系数，对全国总体基尼系数定量研究极为有限；第二，对全国总体基尼系数与农村和城镇内部基尼系数的关系缺乏了解；第三，所有研究都只涉及少数年份，改革开放以来连续时间序列的全国总体基尼系数研究几乎是空白。 造成这种缺憾的原因，既有数据方面的，也有方法方面的。由于目前统计部门调查的收入数据都是城乡分离的，根据这些数据，