第五讲-意群、句子重音和语调.ppt

Sense-group, Sentence-stress, and Intonation The Fifth Lesson 意群（sense-group） 意群就是指句子中按意思和语法结构划分出的各个成分，每一个成分即称为一个意群。同一意群中的词与词的关系紧密相关，密不可分，否则就会引起误解。 意群和意群之间可以有一定的停顿，这种停顿和人们的思维活动是一致的，但一个意群中的各个单词之间则不可停顿，整个意群读下来就像一个长单词一样。 注意：意群之间的停顿是根据说话人情况而定，并非一定要停顿不可。但如有停顿，则必在意群之间，随意乱停就破坏了语言的节奏。 Reading aloud /is very important / for beginners. Early to bed / and early to rise / makes a man / healthy, happy, and wise. Jane, / who’s a brilliant swimmer, / represented Britain / at the Olympic Games. After he took his bath, / he dressed in a hurry, / ran to catch the bus, / and got to his appointment / before it was too late. 句子重音（sentence-stress） Must I stick it on myself? Must I ‘stick it ‘on my’self? Must I ‘stick it on my’self? 在连贯的话语中，不可能所有的词都同样重要，必然有些词较为关键，有些词则相对次要一些。 一般来说，关键词需要重读，这就是句子重音，而其他词则不必重读。 名词、实义动词、形容词、副词、数词、指示代词、疑问词和感叹词等一般都重读。 而冠词、介词、连词和一般性的代词则不重读 ‘What ‘s the ‘matter? The ‘sweater is ‘beautiful. Your ‘book is on the ‘desk. He ‘started ‘counting it. He ‘usually ‘gets up at ‘six o’clock. 助动词、情态动词和be动词是否有句子重音？ 1. 助动词、情态动词和be动词一般没有句子重音，但在附加句中可以重读，在简答句中则必须重读： He won’t do it, ‘will he? No he ‘won’t. You can do it, ‘can’t you? Yes, I ‘can. You were trying, ‘weren’t you? Yes, I ‘was. 2.助动词、情态动词和be动词与not连成一词时要重读： She ‘doesn’t ‘like the ‘weather here. I ‘can’t ‘speak ‘French。 They ‘aren’t ‘waiting for us. He ‘isn’t a tech ‘nician. 3.be用在一般疑问句句首时，重读与否均可： ‘Is he a ‘worker? Is he a ‘worker? 比较句中的重音 在比较句中，重音落在as或than后的代（名）词上： This is better than ‘that. John is taller than ‘Bill. She’s as happy as a ‘lark. He’s as sly as a ‘fox. 逻辑重音 句子的重音总是要表现说话人的思想和他所要表达的意思的重点。有时为了强调，句子中几乎任何词都可以有句子重音，包括一些通常没有句子重音的词，这种依说话者意图重读的音就是逻辑重音。 Are you ‘angry with me? Are you ‘angry with ‘me? Are ‘you ‘angry with me? Did you tell my ‘wife? Did you tell ‘my wife? Did ‘you tell my wife? We ‘heard ‘John ‘talking. We ‘heard John talking. We heard ‘John talking. 语调 英语语调主要有降调、升调和平调三大类。 不同的语调可以表示说话人不同的态度和不同的隐含意思。 英语中同一句话采用不同的语调会产生截然不同的语意概念。如“Yes” 语调具有强烈的感情色彩，它使语言更富有表现力。 降调 用于陈述句 I have already