中国文化概要 Lecture 1 Ancient and Present China.docVIP

Lecture One ?the Mongoloid Race . The period of making and using these chipped stone 琢石 implements the Old Stone Age (the Paleolithic Period), and the age of making and using ground stone implements the New Stone Age (the Neolithic Period). Archaeologists divided them into the Huaxia Group, the Eastern Tribe Group, and the Southern Tribe Group. The Yellow Emperor (2698-2598 B.C.) descendants of Yandi and the Yellow Emperor ?When Yu died, his son Qi启 seized power and founded Xia, the first dynasty in China, thus beginning the hereditary system in Chinese history. ?People at that time believed that the land they lived on was the center of the world, and called their state the “Middle Kingdom”(中国), thus giving China its country name. ?The ethnic group of the Xia Dynasty is the Hua Xia nationality(华夏族). ?That’s why the Chinese people are also called the Hua People in other parts of the world. Alternative Names of China 1. Chixian Shenzhou (the Sacred Earth and Divine Land) 2. Zhonghua 3. Jiuzhou (known as the nine administrative divisions 4.Hainei (within the seas) China Today What makes the civilization unique in world history is its continuity through over 4,000 years to the present century. ?National Emblem ?The National Anthem (written by Tian Han; music was set by Nie Er in 1935) ? ? ? ?The National Flag (red in color and has 5 yellow stars): Red symbolizes the spirit of the revolution; yellow stars signify the unity of the people of China under the leadership of the Chinese Communist party. ?The 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 4 municipalities can be collectively referred to as mainland China, a term which usually excludes Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. ? ?The PRC is the largest country in area in East Asia (excluding Russia) and the third largest in the world by land-and-sea area. ? ?It borders 14 nations (counted clockwise from south): Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), India, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Russi